Software architecture is a high-level blueprint of a software system that defines the structure, behavior, and more abstract components of the system, serving as a bridge between user requirements and the system's technical implementation. Here's a guide to common architectural styles with an illustrative example and diagram.
1. Layered (N-Tier) Architecture
The Layered
Architecture is divided into layers where each layer has a specific
responsibility, often seen in web applications. The common layers include:
- Presentation Layer: Handles UI and user
interaction.
- Business Logic Layer: Manages core logic and
processes.
- Data Access Layer: Interacts with the
database or storage.
Use Case: Suitable for applications with
a clear separation between UI, logic, and data storage.
Diagram:
----------------------
| Presentation
Layer |
----------------------
| Business
Layer |
----------------------
| Data
Access Layer |
----------------------
|
Database |
----------------------
2. Microservices Architecture
Microservices
Architecture involves
breaking down an application into independent, loosely coupled services, each
responsible for a specific function or feature, communicating over a network.
Use Case: Best suited for complex,
large-scale applications needing scalability and frequent independent updates.
Diagram:
------------------------
| User
Interface |
------------------------
| | |
-------------------------------------
|
Service A | Service B
| Service C |
-------------------------------------
| | |
-------------------------------------
| Database
A |
Database B | Database C
|
-------------------------------------
3. Client-Server Architecture
In Client-Server
Architecture, clients (often users' devices or browsers) make requests to a
central server that handles these requests. The server processes the requests
and sends responses back to the client.
Use Case: Common in web applications and
networked applications where clients need a single point of access.
Diagram:
--------------------
| Client A |
--------------------
|
--------------------
| Client B |
--------------------
|
---------------------------
|
Server |
---------------------------
4. Event-Driven Architecture
In Event-Driven
Architecture, components communicate through events. There are two main
types: producer and consumer. Producers emit events that
consumers react to. This architecture is useful for real-time applications that
require immediate response to actions.
Use Case: Ideal for applications with
high-frequency event handling, such as IoT systems, real-time data processing,
or monitoring systems.
Diagram:
----------------
| Producer
A | -----\
---------------- \
>------- Event
Queue ---------> Consumer A
---------------- /
| Producer
B | -----/
----------------
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